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Introduction to Political Philosophy (PLSC 114) Lecture 4 introduces Plato’s Republic and its many meanings in the context of moral psychology, justice, the power of poetry and myth, and metaphysics. The Republic is also discussed as a utopia, presenting an extreme vision of a polis–Kallipolis–Plato’s ideal city. 00:00 – Chapter 1. Introduction 03:04 – Chapter 2. What Is Plato’s “Republic” About? 17:38 – Chapter 3. I Went Down to the Piraeus 22:05 – Chapter 4. The Seventh Letter 30:00 – Chapter 5. Analyzing the Beginning of “Republic” and the Hierarchy of Characters 38:13 – Chapter 6. Cephalus Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: open.yale.edu This course was recorded in Fall 2006.

MPP Seminar #5 with Francois Dosse 2010-04-22 : Philosophie et Societé, in french and will also appear in an english speaker version. The next guest in our Philosophies of Management Seminar Series is one of the leading historians of contemporary French philosophy. Amongst Francois Dosses first contribution is a two volume work on the French structuralist and poststructuralist philosophers. He then published several philosophical biographies of eg Michel de Certeau, Paul Ricoeur and, most recently, Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari. In the book The Empire of Meaning he poses the much relevant question; what comes after post-structuralism? In this volume Dosse offers a challenging overview of actual tendencies in social philosophy that indicate how studies of organizations, technology and management (of kind practiced eg at CBS) have turned into sources of inspiration for innovative attempts to break out of the theoretical anti-humanism of the end of last century. How could management research influence philosophy?

By Donald Swarbrick.

We measure time according to our solar system but, why do we think that our time is the only time measurement in the universe, and why do we assume,every stage of events taking place out there is measured by our time?
It is by us here on earth, but not necessarily by everyone in the universe.

We know there are enormous planets in deep space within our vision, and when we can reach even further we will discover solar systems in a very much bigger scale than ours.

If,life does exist on one of these massive planets,(which it will, of that I have no doubt) their time scale will be very different to ours, as it will be measured according to their solar system which, if so very much larger, will reflect a very much slower pace of time, therefore, their measurements of time and distance to other planets, and galaxies, even their lifespan itself, will be calculated in a completely different manner.

Our solar system, in comparison to one like that, will seem to them, like theirs in a fast forward motion, and our lifespan merely a blip in time, which of course it is, but we have never stopped to think just how insignificant our solar system is, and always assume that we are the superior race in the universe.

Mankind as we know it has many weaknesses, one of them being his lifespan, cut short by sickness, wars, or other disasters that can befall earth, or simply old age which in most cases lasts less than one hundred earth years. A blip in universal time.
We are barely here in this form, before we are gone again, leaving our ideas, or discoveries for future generations to elaborate on, which limits the progress we make.

Another life form evolving in a solar system so much larger than ours, that works in a completely different way to ours, will have evolved much stronger than us, with less weaknesses to shorten their lifespan.
The very fact that their time measurement is so much longer than ours will make their lifespan longer, if not eternal, as their solar system having evolved billions of years before ours would have given them time to perfect life, also given the fact that their ideas and discoveries will not have been hampered by death.

Another reason to believe such a planet as this would have a different time scale is, that if it used our time scale, one side of the planet would be earth years behind the other, or earth years ahead, just as we in Britain are hours behind Australia, or ahead of America, so in theirs, they will have calculated time to suit their solar system, long before time was needed on earth.

Now that puts the measurement of time and distance into a different prospective, which would make the universe a much smaller place for them and would enable them to travel through space without having to worry about distance.

If you look at the universe  through their eyes, the galaxies they, or we can see are not billions of light years away, but only a short journey away in the exceptional conveyances they will have perfected on that planet, therefore they will have reached these stars. They will be able to confirm my theories in my last post that what you are seeing out there is happening now, and not some light reflection from an event that happened light years ago.
It stands to reason that the light source HAS to be there if we can still see it in a structural form, solid or gas, otherwise it would  just be light energy we would see, and we would have nothing to travel to in the case of dying stars.

Scientist contradict themselves by looking out at other solar systems light years away, and recognize a planet orbiting around a star, and when telling us about it lead us to believe what they have witnessed is occurring out there now, but then they try to tell us that the forming galaxies or the light from the dying star they see, happened billions of light years ago, and the event is only reaching us now.
What is the point of looking out into the universe for other life forms if you think the light reflection you are looking at happened many light years ago, because according to their theories, how would we know if the promising planet that could hold life still exists, or if it died, and the light reflection of its death throes have not reached us yet?

If we want to unfold the mysteries of space, we have to take into consideration, that we are only a speck of dust in the universe in comparison to the enormous planets with life on them, and our life span is only a fraction of time in comparison to theirs.
We have to admit our inferiority in the universe, accept that other life forms that may look the same as us, can reach us, and have reached us.
That is what the bible is all about, people from another solar system being on earth.
You do not have to believe the bible but you do have to admit that if such a planet exists, everything I said is possible, and given everything I have said, you have to admit that more than likely such a planet does exist.
Out there in the universe, the measurement of time, and distance IS completely different, and will bring a whole new definition to our observations, and calculations that we have surmised from our lowly position in space.

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By Donald Swarbrick.

Have you ever stopped to wonder why, at the time of the Egyptians, a people with great knowledge of the stars, erecting buildings of such complicated design, were so much more advanced than the inhabitants of the colder regions on earth?

Take a look at South America around the same era, and the Zapotecs, Mayans, Incas etc, the nations who appeared suddenly, who were also very knowledgable of the stars, and built buildings of similar structures to the Egyptians, but never knew of them, (that we know of anyway.)

God who created this world, would have travelled to other parts of the universe before he reached our little corner, therefore would have discovered other planets with life on them, some in need of rescue, their planet being in danger from its sun, or a more internal problem like volcanic eruptions, so is it not possible that nations from another galaxy were transported to earth?

If you believe in God, and his creation of our little part of the universe, then why should you doubt his capabilities of being able to achieve rescue missions in other parts of  the universe?

To be able to reach here, never mind interfering with our solar system, is a great acheivement on its own, and to have accomplished both, means he is capable of almost anything.

The Egyptians, and the nations who settled in South America, when brought here would have been placed in the warmer regions of earth in an attempt to educate the primitive natives of earth who lived a completely different lifestyle to these new nations, having evolved much later in the lifespan of the universe.

God himself, chose the warmer regions to spend his time here, which makes a lot of sense, as why would he want to educate people so primitive in such an inhospitable climate, making life uncomfortable for himself, and the staff he brought with him from his own planet?

The Egyptians flourished in the region they were allocated, with God, and his staff there to assist them over thousands of years, while on the other side of the world, STILL in a warm climate the South American nations were flourishing too, with God’s staff checking up on them every now and then.

The knowledge of the stars, that these nations accumulated would have been gained on their journey through space from their own planet to earth, by the people who brought them here, namely God’s people.

These nations were so far advanced in comparison to other people on earth, that there is no way they could have evolved here at the same time, or the knowledge they had, would have been spread more evenly around the globe, even in those early days.

The further the ice and snow receded the more this education spread, as the people travelled out into the new lands being uncovered, but still were never as advanced as the Egyptians, or the South American nations.

Why was this knowledge confined to these nations, and why was it not allowed to continue?

We wonder if we are alone in the universe, and are trying to discover if there is “life out there,” but we have been told in the bible of people who did great things here on earth, of angels, and miracles. Where did these people come from if not out there in space?  It seems as plain as the nose on your face that they did not come from here, or think of the advancements that would have been made by now.  ” NO WE ARE NOT ALONE IN THE UNIVERSE.”

If this is true, you ask, why did these people leave us to discover the secrets of space for ourselves, and not educate us in the way they taught the Egyptians, Mayans, Zapotecs Incas etc?

The answer is simple.

What happened to the South American nations? They were slaughtered by the invading Spanish.

What happened to the Egyptians? They were invaded, conquered and slaughtered by the invading Romans.

What is happening around the globe still? Wars and violence waged against our own kind, day in and day out.

What kind of message does that send to life forms far in advance of us out there in space?

If these people were placed here to assist in the evolution of earth and were slaughtered by the very people they were put here to help, would that not deter any peaceful nations from making their presence know on earth?

Once we evolve enough, or to put it bluntly (GROW UP) and  learn to live in peace among ourselves, then maybe we will be allowed to find out for sure, that we are not alone in the universe.

Until then we will be observed, and stay segregated from the peaceful nations out there who could so easily enlighten us, and unfold the secrets of the universe we so desperatly seek , so, taking all that into consideration, who can blame them for letting us go on wondering “IF WE ARE ALONE.”

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By Donald Swarbrick.

Although we are very primitive in comparison to the people from God’s planet, we have sent out probes to explore planets that are close enough for us to reach by unmanned craft, but are too far away for us to travel there, so why do we find it so strange  and unbelievable to think that a superior race can send their crafts around the universe, manned or unmanned?

This goes back to fact that earth people think that they are the most intelligent life in all the vast universe, and that IF there are any other life forms out there, they will be less intelligent than us, and we will be the ones to discover them.

If we read the bible as a history book, as that is what it is,we should by now have realised that spacecraft and probes could well be what is being described in many chapters of this book.

God has said that he would watch over us, so a type of unmanned probe with their version of CCTV could be sent close to, and around our planet to assist in this feat without being observed by us, with the odd manned craft appearing now and then to keep an eye on them, without raising too much suspicion falling on them, as we are all sceptics until we have definite proof of their existence, because, as we know, people who claim to have seen them are doubted by most, so God’s people who come here in their crafts have no real need to worry about being seen every now and then, as it would take us to capture them, and show them to the world population, before we believed, and even then there would be doubters, thinking it was some kind of trick.

Spacecraft are described in the bible in some detail, and only a few people on earth have realised that these desciptions are of craft from another world, and if  crafts of that size have been here, then, the people whose world they came from will have been here with them.

Because we think we are the superior race in the universe we don’t want to believe that we have been discovered by a more advanced race from another planet, let alone admit they might look like us, that is one of the reasons all the farce at Roswell in 1947 sprang up.

Firstly you have to ask,  if a race of people were educated enough to build a craft, capable of carrying them from a planet so far way, that we have yet to discover, would they be stupid enough to allow theirselves to be captured by a race of people as violent as us? When missions to earth were planned every aspect of safety would have been secured before they would have ventured near us, as they would have known how violent a people we are, and would have made sure of their safe return to their own planet.

Some of the UFOs seen in our skies would have been their craft, and others would have been hoaxes by people on earth who long for the day when a spacecraft from another planet lands here, and are just playing out their fantasy by trying to portray what they imagine it will be like.

The Roswell incident, though a farce in my view, is an example of why a more intelligent race would never let theirselves be captured by us, as they know they would be placed on a slab and disseceted for scientific purposes before they had the chance to converse with us and let us know how peacful they were.

We are a violent race, of that there is no doubt, and cannot agree or get on with the nations around us, so before we think of welcoming other races in any way at all, we will firstly have to assure them that when they return here it will not be the slab that awaits them but a warm welcome, with a friendly handshake, with a view to learn from them instead of attacking and capturing them, as is in the minds of the powers that be just now.

Mankind is obviously frustrated, when he looks out to space and knows there are many mysteries he has to solve, knowing full well that they will not be solved in his lifetime if it is left to us to reach the stars, with the only hope of finding if other life forms exist, is if they reach us.

We have plenty people who dedicate their life to finding out as much as they can, and to go as far as they can into space, and we have others who create their fantisies by making movies like “STAR TREK“  And ” STARS WARS” and always assuming the people they would meet in space will be as aggressive as we are, but  look completely different to us, ignoring the facts in the history book left to us “we are made in Gods image” therefore the people we meet out there will look like us, as God will have influenced the whole universe, and not just a small corner of it.

Roswell, in my mind was a ploy to distract from the fact that new designs of aircrft were being tested there, but in the unlikely event that there was any truth in the matter, and weird looking aliens were captured from a spaceship, it would be that it was a probe with some robot like computer, sent to observe what all the newly designed aircraft were like, and to see if we were any closer to their designs.

Something as ridiculous as that mock up would be no loss up there, and IF it did come from there could have been a prank, causing as much merriment in heaven as it caused down here, (to them with more sense at least) as they, up there, are bound to have a sesnse of hunour too.

One important thing we will have to bear in mind is, when the next true visit of  our friends from space occurs is to react in a friendly way and not go in with all guns blazing. They are not coming here to conquer us, but to help us as they have in the past, so we will have to learn to live in harmony among ourselves, before we can expect them to come back down among us, and the way things are shaping up on this planet, it will be a long time before that happens.

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If we are going to believe some elements of the bible, then we should really believe all aspects of it, as it is the same person that is responsible for the final draft of it, and I do not mean the heads of the christian churches who only put into print the gospels they wanted us to read while omitting more enlightening ones, that put a different slant on the actual facts God wanted use to read.

God had the final say on what was written about the time he was here, helping to create the earth and the people to populate it, and it was only when his presence here started to fade in the memories of the people that the records were altered by church elders, trying to manipulate the people, plus the fact that it was translated into so many languages that other important features in it got distorted,which all led up to the confusing mess the religions are in now.

All in all there is still the basics there to work on, and with various versions of the same stories being the same, fundamentally, there must be truth in them, as the people of that era had no other reason to write such things other than to record for future generation the strange  events that took place in their time.

With the knowledge of space travel we have now, we would still feel the need to record any events of  life from an other planet landing on earth, as indeed we do, but have still to come up with definite proof to convince the majority of the population on earth.

The fact is, until space ships arrive in the skies above us, where they can be viewed by everyone, that is the only way to convince us that life from beyond the stars really exits.

Try as we might, we will not be the ones to go out there to find them, it is they that will return here to prove once and for all that life exsited out there long before it appeared on earth.

It is written in Genesis, that God created Adam, but before Adam was created there was the people who came with God from his planet, making them possibilities of fathering children on earth because it also states in genesis chapter six verse four,  that “there were giants on the earth in those days and the sons of God came unto the daughters of men, and they bare children.”

As God only made us in his image it does not mean he made us in the same stature as him, and the people he brought with him, which could mean that the giants were from heaven, Gods planet.

The wickedness that brought about the building of the Ark was the interbreeding of people from Gods planet with the people who originated on earth. Now if all of these wicked people were drowned once the great flood came, except Noah and his family, are we ancestors of Adam, through to Noah by way of the interbreeding, or was all the offspring killed in the flood, and we are all desendants of Noah, who’s children might not have been bred from the mixing of genes from an other planet, and were pure earth people.

There is no clear explanation of who or where the giants came from, but where else could they have come from but another planet, brought here in Gods ships?

There are bound to be an abundance of inhabited planets out in the vastness of space, and at least one has progressed enough in technology to allow them intergalactic travel, otherwise where did God and the machines Ezekiel tells about come from? (I will discuss Ezekiel and the machines in a later post)  God, if you believe in him at all, did not appear out of thin air, and just because you think he is sacred, does not mean that he did not evolve out of the same elements as we did, albeit somewhere far away and many many billions of years before we did.

If it is possible for God and the people from his planet to reach earth and be involved in the forming of it, then it is just as likely that he assisted other planets along the same lines as earth.

One of the mysteries of our planet, that we are striving to uncover, is where the human race actually originated, and the nearest we have come is to surmise that we all originated from one source in Africa, and spread rapidly around the planet even though it was mostly covered in ice at the time of this big migration, and the speed it was done in was, if not impossible, as near to  impossible as you will get.

First they had the distance to cover on foot, surviving the harshest of conditions, without the medical care and knowledge we have now, with fatalities occurring almost as fast as births and people dieing younger. So how could they populate the whole of the earth so quickly, including the most isolated locations, that feature unreachable islands and other places on the mainland that could not be reached or even survived on at the time.

Scientist think  that through DNA samples they can now prove we were all originated from the bones found in Africa of the first known humans, but where did their DNA come from?

If we are to believe what Moses wrote in Genesis, then the DNA found on earth can either be from Noah’s family. who might be pure earth people, or from Adam, who’s offspring interbred with giants, from who knows where.

The giants could have come from anywhere, if God had visited other planets, then he could have brought people here from various other sources in the universe, hence the difference in our appearance, cultures and languages and the reason our DNA has similarities is that it goes further back than the bones found in Africa, but we have not yet sourced the evidence yet.

As I said before, we convince ourselves that we have found the answer to something that has puzzled us, until new evidence comes along and we have to reconsider our theories.

Races have appeared on earth from nowhere, with a knowledge far superior to the races that was spread over most of the land, and disappeared, just as quick as they appeared.

The Egyptians at the time of the Pharaohs, had such an exceptional knowledge of the stars, that, if it had endured, would have extended and expanded through to our time, and would have avoided the need for us to discover the  mysteries of  the stars we still strive to find.

Other races in South America had the same knowledge of the skies as the Egyptians, and had  buildings similar to the pyramids although no connection can be found between them.

They disappeared as did their knowledge of the stars, leaving us to start from the beginning again.

Where did they go? Why did the knowledge they had of the stars disappear with them, and where did they get the knowledge from in the first place? Were they brought here from other parts of the universe by God and learned their knowledge from him on their way to earth?

As said before in this blog, we could be an experiment by God, to see how we fair, when mixed with other races, as a test for our entry into heaven. Up till now we have failed, because as you have all experienced, we cannot live in harmony with anyone on this earth. We row with neighbours, fight with other races and religions, so how do we expect the race that nurtured us to come back under these circumstances?

Some of the advanced races in South America I spoke about were wiped out by the Spanish, through greed for gold and land, and even though that was hundreds of years ago, things have not changed, with wars raging all over the world, mostly through religion, the one thing that teaches peace and harmony.

Once we decode the holy books properly, and start living the way we are meant to, then and only then, will we be allowed to uncover the real mysteries of space, and find our true origins, be it on earth or some other planet.

The time will come when we will need God and his people to come back here when earth’s life is at an end, because he has the means to rescue us and the place to take us to, but as is stated in the bible, if we don’t meet the standard expected of us, to blend in on heaven then we will not be rescued, and the “Hell” we might burn in could be earth itself as it is consumed by our sun.

If you read the holy books, and look at them from a twenty first century point of view, then you might see the real possibilities of my theories, but if you are blinded by the beliefs of the churches from the dark ages then you will only ridicule them and never be able to decode the bible, where the answers to all our questions lie.

God must have evolved somewhere, and on doing so we must have evolved from the same substances as him, so once we get his DNA, then we will be able to trace our roots, and not go by the oldest DNA found on earth.

We are so sure that all the answers are to be found on earth, but if people from other planets have been here, then some of the answers WILL be found out in space, where we still strive  to go, which might be made easier if we belived, and understood what the holy books are telling us.

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